
David Gurteen
Director, Gurteen KnowledgeKnowledge, People, and Technology: The Questions That Define Modern KM
"But knowledge is not content. It is not something that sits in a repository waiting to be used. It is something we enact. It shows up in how we make judgements, how we respond in context, how we act together in uncertain situations."
Modern KM is often mistaken for mere information management. In this interview, we explore why true knowledge isn’t found in repositories, but in the “messy” human process of thinking and acting together.
Q & A
You've long argued that most organisations aren't really doing knowledge management — they're doing information management. In a world where AI tools are now automating the capture, categorisation, and retrieval of enterprise content at scale, do you think that gap is widening or finally starting to close? What would true KM look like in an AI-assisted organisation?
I have argued for years that most organisations are not doing knowledge management at all, they are doing information management. AI, if anything, risks deepening that confusion. It is getting very good at capturing, classifying, and retrieving information at scale. That reinforces the idea that if we can just organise content better, we are doing KM.
But knowledge is not content. It is not something that sits in a repository waiting to be used. It is something we enact. It shows up in how we make judgements, how we respond in context, how we act together in uncertain situations.
In that sense, the gap is not closing. It is becoming more visible.
A genuinely AI assisted KM approach would not start with repositories or tools. It would start with how people think together. AI can support that by helping us explore perspectives, challenge assumptions, and surface patterns across conversations. It can act as a thinking partner, not just a retrieval engine.
True KM in an AI world is less about managing what we know and more about improving how we come to know, together, in practice.
SearchUnify Lens:
This distinction is exactly where most AI initiatives stall today — optimizing for information retrieval instead of decision enablement.
SearchUnify’s approach is built around unified knowledge + agentic AI, where systems don’t just surface content but deliver context-aware answers and next-best actions. This is critical in support environments where speed and accuracy directly impact customer experience.
Instead of asking “Can users find information?”, the focus shifts to: “Can they resolve faster, decide better, and act with confidence?”
→ See how Celonis unified knowledge to improve support outcomes
You hold that knowledge once it's captured in any form, it becomes information. Given that AI is now being trained on vast bodies of organisational text, conversations, and documentation, does AI change this equation at all? Or does the tacit dimension of knowledge remain fundamentally beyond what technology can transfer?
AI does not change the basic distinction for me, but it does sharpen the conversation.
When we write something down, record a meeting, or build a document, we are not capturing knowledge. We are creating information. That information can be useful, sometimes very useful, but it is not the knowing itself.
AI is trained on vast bodies of that information. It can recombine, summarise, and generate responses that appear knowledgeable. In many cases, it can outperform humans in recall and synthesis. That is impressive, but it does not mean the knowledge has been transferred in any real sense.
What remains missing is lived context. Experience. Judgement in the moment. The subtle cues that shape how we act in a particular situation. That is where tacit knowing sits, not hidden in the head as a substance, but emerging in action.
What AI does offer is a new kind of partner in that process. It can help us reflect, question, and see patterns we might otherwise miss. But the knowing still comes into being in the interaction, in the doing.
So no, AI does not collapse the distinction. If anything, it makes it more important to understand.
SearchUnify Lens:
Many businesses mistake AI-generated responses for knowledge transfer. In reality, value comes from contextual intelligence layered on top of information.
SearchUnify enables AI to operate within context — combining user intent, historical interactions, and enterprise knowledge to deliver responses that are not just accurate, but actionable.
This is where AI customer support agents move beyond summarization to true assistance.
→ Read: What Makes AI Customer Support Agents Truly Effective
After decades of KM practice, knowledge silos, hoarding, and failed initiatives remain stubbornly persistent. In your view, what is the single biggest reason so many KM programmes fail — and what does an organisation need to get right first before even thinking about tooling or technology?
If I had to reduce it to one thing, it would be this. We start in the wrong place.
Most KM programmes begin with tools, systems, or content strategies. They assume that if we can store knowledge, organise it, and make it accessible, people will use it and behaviour will change. That assumption is deeply embedded and rarely questioned.
In practice, it does not work like that.
What gets in the way is not a lack of information. It is how people relate to each other. Trust, curiosity, willingness to ask for help, willingness to admit not knowing. These are relational issues, not technical ones.
Before thinking about platforms or AI, organisations need to pay attention to how people talk together. Do they feel able to question? Do they listen? Are conversations open or performative? Is it safe to explore uncertainty?
If those conditions are not there, no tool will fix the problem.
So the starting point is not technology. It is conversation. Create the conditions where people can think together, and the rest becomes much easier. Ignore that, and KM becomes another system that people quietly work around.
SearchUnify Lens:
This aligns with a pattern we see across KM transformations —organizations often invest in platforms before addressing adoption and behavior.
SearchUnify addresses this by embedding knowledge directly into the tools agents already use (CRM, ticketing systems, chat), ensuring that adoption happens naturally, not forcefully.
This reduces friction, increases trust, and drives consistent usage — which is where real KM success begins.
One of the hardest unsolved problems in KM is transferring expert knowledge before it walks out the door — through retirement, attrition, or restructuring. What approaches have you seen work in practice for capturing and transferring deep expertise? And where do you think AI-assisted tools can genuinely help versus where they fall short?
The phrase “capturing expert knowledge” is part of the problem. It suggests that what matters can be extracted, written down, and stored. In reality, much of what experts know only becomes visible in context, in interaction, in the way they respond to situations.
What I have seen work are approaches that bring people together around real work. Apprenticeship, shadowing, peer conversations, storytelling in context. Not polished stories, but accounts of what actually happened, what was noticed, what mattered.
In those interactions, less experienced people begin to develop their own judgement. They do not receive knowledge as a package, they participate in its formation.
AI can help at the margins. It can summarise discussions, surface patterns across cases, and make it easier to access relevant information. It can support reflection.
But it cannot replace the relational process. It cannot recreate the subtle, situated nature of expertise as it is enacted.
So the focus should be less on capturing and more on creating opportunities for people to work and think together. That is where the real transfer happens.
SearchUnify Lens:
Instead of trying to “capture” expertise, SearchUnify focuses on learning from behavior at scale.
Every case resolved, every query searched, every interaction – becomes part of a continuous learning loop. AI identifies patterns, surfaces recurring issues, and improves knowledge delivery over time.
This ensures that expertise is not just documented, it is operationalized and reused in real-time.
You have described conversational leadership as something that extends beyond traditional knowledge management. At a fundamental level, what shifts when we move from managing knowledge as a resource to engaging in conversation as a practice, and why does that matter for how organisations think and act?
The shift is from seeing knowledge as something we possess to seeing knowing as something we do.
Traditional knowledge management tends to treat knowledge as a resource. Something that can be captured, stored, and reused. That has value, but it rests on an assumption that what matters is already known and can be made available when needed.
Conversational leadership starts elsewhere. It recognises that in many situations, especially the more complex ones, we do not yet know what we need to know. The issue is not access to knowledge, it is how we come to understand what is going on and what to do about it.
That is a conversational process. It happens in interaction, in how we question, challenge, and build on each other’s thinking. Meaning is not transferred, it is formed between us.
When we take this seriously, the focus of the organisation shifts. Less attention on repositories and more on the quality of conversations. Less emphasis on sharing what we know and more on exploring what we do not yet understand.
This matters because action follows from how we make sense of things together. If our conversations are narrow, rushed, or constrained, our thinking will be too. If they are open, reflective, and attentive, we create the conditions for better judgement and wiser action.
SearchUnify Lens:
This shift aligns with how modern KM platforms are evolving — from static repositories to dynamic, learning systems.
SearchUnify enables organizations to build closed-loop knowledge ecosystems, where:
- Knowledge is continuously refined through usage
- Feedback is automatically captured
- AI improves relevance over time
This creates a system where knowledge is not just stored – it is constantly evolving through interaction.
Conversational leadership places emphasis on how people think together rather than what they know individually. In complex and uncertain environments, why is this shift from knowledge to shared thinking so critical, and what does it reveal about the limitations of conventional KM approaches?
In stable environments, where problems are well understood, knowledge can often be applied. Best practice works, and access to information is enough.
But much of the world we now operate in is not like that. It is uncertain, fast moving, and often ambiguous. In these situations, there is no clear answer waiting to be found. We have to work things out as we go.
That is why shared thinking becomes critical. No single individual holds the full picture. Different people see different aspects. It is only through bringing those perspectives into a relationship that something more complete can emerge.
Conversational leadership is about creating the conditions for that to happen. Not debate in the sense of defending positions, but dialogue in the sense of thinking together. Attending to how understanding develops in the interaction itself.
This exposes a limitation in conventional KM. If we assume that knowledge can be captured and reused, we overlook the fact that much of what matters is context dependent and emergent. What worked before may not apply now, or may need to be reinterpreted.
So the task is not simply to access what is known, but to engage in a process of ongoing sensemaking. Conversation becomes central, not as a way of exchanging views, but as the medium through which new understanding comes into being.
SearchUnify Lens:
In complex support environments, the challenge is not access to knowledge — it’s making the right decision in the moment.
SearchUnify delivers contextual intelligence at scale, using AI to surface the most relevant insights based on:
- User behavior
- Case context
- Historical resolution patterns
This enables teams to align faster, respond smarter, and operate with shared clarity, even in uncertain scenarios.
Looking Ahead
As we move deeper into the era of Agentic AI, the goal of KM is shifting from "capturing" the past to "enabling" the future. The organizations that thrive will be those that use AI not to replace human dialogue, but to provide the contextual foundation that makes high-level conversation possible. True success will be measured not by the size of the database, but by the quality of the decisions it empowers.



